Selama penelitian skripsi
berkali-kali ganti objek penelitian. Bikin gerah n cemas tapi apa mau dikata,
pembimbing sudah bertitah. Salah satu “korban” objek penelitian saya adalah
buah manggis. Berikut adalah sedikit penjabaran tentang buah manggis dalam
ringkasan “calon skripsi yang gak sempat dilahirkan”.
Mangosteen
is also known as the Queen of Fruits. Recently,
mangosteen is becoming popular due to its active compounds, especially
xanthones. It has been widely applied in
pharmaceutical interest. Mangosteen is
tropical plant which is notoriously difficult to grow. The tree can grow up to 82 feet tall.
The
fruit is composed of 17% of outer pericarp, 48% of inner pericarp, 31% of flesh
and 4% of cap. The pericarp encloses the
juicy white flesh and edible seed which is segmented into 5 – 7 segment. The amount of segment depend on the total of
mangosteen seed. The colour of pericarp
depend on the maturity of mangosteen. It
is become dark purple when ripe. The dark
purple colour of mangosteen pericarp is mainly due to anthocyanin content. The inner pericarp is thicker and more tender
than outer pericarp.
Mangosteen
parts are more effective than cinnamon and citrus oil in againts some Gram
positive bacteria (L. monocytogenes and
S. aureus) and Gram negative bacteria
(E. coli and Salmonella sp.). The pericarp extract of mangosteen showed minimal
inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Staphylococcus
albus, Staphylococcus aureus, and
Micrococcus lutus were 50 μg/mL,
200 μg/mL, and 50 μg/mL,
respectively.
The main
part of mangosteen consist of flesh, inner and outer pericarp. They contain active compounds that has been
widely applied as suplement or food formulation. The inner and outer pericarp of mangosteen
contain phenolic compound and anthocyanin in the large amount. The highest antioxidant activity was found in
the inner pericarp of mangosteen.
There was more than 90% xanthones (α-mangostin
and γ-mangostin) from the extract of mangosteen pericarp. A result showed that the xanthones exhibited
an enhancement of natural killer (NK)
cell activity in mouse model, in addition α-mangostin also showed cancer preventive effect in rat
carcinogenesis bioassay. The conclusion
of the study was xanthones are potensially to be developed as anti-cancer
substance. Mangosteen
is becoming popular due to its substantial amount of active compound. It has been widely used as folk medicine and
processed as functional food formulations and supplements. The study about bioavailability of xanthones
from 100% mangosteen juice has been done.
It was determined in healthy adult by measuring the free and conjugated
xanthones in serum and urine. The result
showed that xanthones in mangosteen juice are absorbed when ingested along with
a high – fat meal.
Mangosteen juice mixed with grape
and roselle has been produced. Chaovanalikit et al. (2012) reported that the fresh mixed juice contains 39.26 mg
GAE/100 mL of total phenolic and 3.71 mg Cyn-3-Glu/100 mL of anthocyanin
content. The mixed juice also dried by
using spray dryer and vacumm dryer. The
mixed juice which was dried with spray dryer had higher total phenolic compound
and anthocyanin content than vacumm dryer. The tannin extract from mangosteen
pericarp has also been utilized. The tannin extract is obtained by extracting
the mangosteen pericarp sized 20 and 30 mesh with the mixture of water and 95%
ethanol (1:1 v/v) at 80oC for 2 hours and applied as protein
precipitation in wine. The result showed
that the tannin extract exhibited the ability to precipitate protein on wine
and also increases the wine astringency.
References
Akao, Y., Nakagawa, Y., Iinuma,
M., Nozawa, Y. 2008. Anti-cancer effects of xanthones from pericarps of
mangosteen. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 9:
355-370.
Chaovanalikit,
A., Mingmuang, A., Kitbunluewit, T., Choldumrongkool, N., Sondee, J.,
Chupratum, S. 2012. Anthocyanin and total phenolic content of mangosteen and
effect of processing on the quality of mangosteen products. Int. Food. Res. J., 19(3): 1047-1053.
Chitchumroonchokchai,
C., Riedl, K.M., Suksumrarn, S., Clinton, S.K., Kinghorn, A.D., Failla, M.L.
2012. Xanthones in mangosteen juice are absorbed and partially conjugated by
healthy adults. J. Nutr., 1-6.
Hulton,
W. 1997. Tropical Fruit of Thailand. Asia Book. Thailand.
Moosopin,
K., Wetthaisong, T., Seeratchakot, L., Kokluecha, W. 2010. Tannin extraction
from mangosteen peel for protein precipitation in wine. KKU. Res. J., 15(5):
377-385.
Palakawong,
C., Sophanodora, P., Pisuchpen, S., Phongpaichit, S. 2010. Antioxidant and
antimicrobial activities of crude extracts from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) parts and some
essential oils. Food. Res. Int., J 17:
583-589.
Vishnu, P., Jainu, M., Mohan, S.K., Saraswathi, P., Gopan, C.S. 2010. Antimicrobial activity of pericarp extract of Garcinia mangostana Linn. IJPSR., 1(8): 278-281.
Vishnu, P., Jainu, M., Mohan, S.K., Saraswathi, P., Gopan, C.S. 2010. Antimicrobial activity of pericarp extract of Garcinia mangostana Linn. IJPSR., 1(8): 278-281.
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